How historical treaties, colonialism and the 'one country, two systems' principle shape China's sovereignty over Hong Kong
Hong Kong was ceded to Britain in the 19th century and returned to China in 1997 under 'one country, two systems'. Concerns have grown about eroding autonomy since the 2020 National Security Law.
China's actions towards Uighurs in Xinjiang stem from security concerns, ethnic tensions, assimilation policies, mass surveillance, forced labour allegations, and geopolitical factors.
A Turkic ethnic group with a rich history facing significant human rights concerns in modern-day China
The Uighurs are a Turkic ethnic group in northwest China with thousands of years of history and distinct cultural traditions. They face international concern over allegations of human rights abuses by Chinese authorities, including detention and cultural restrictions.
How Western investment and technology transfer might indirectly support China's defence capabilities
Foreign governments rarely directly fund China's military, but technology transfers, dual-use investments, and supply chains may indirectly enhance its capabilities. Export controls and investment screening aim to limit such risks.
